The south of the city has woods, the best known of which are the Weitmarer Holz. The ecological restoration of the Emscher tributaries initiated by the Emschergenossenschaft started with the Internationale Bauausstellung Emscher Park in 1989. and treated in the centralized waste water treatment plant of the Emschergenossenschaft in Bottrop. Today approximately 10% of the waste water in the Emscher catchment is discharged via the Hüller Bach. The industrial developments in the region since the 19th century were leading to a kind of division of labour between the two river catchments, pumping drinking water from the Ruhr into the municipal supply system and discharging waste water mainly into the Emscher system. The Emscher's tributaries are Hüller Bach with Dorneburger Mühlenbach, Hofsteder Bach, Marbach, Ahbach, Kabeisemannsbach and Goldhammer Bach. The Ruhr in combination with upstream reservoirs is also used for drinking water abstraction. The Ruhr's tributaries are the Oelbach (where as well a waste water treatment plant is established ), Gerther Mühlenbach, Harpener Bach, Langendreer Bach, Lottenbach, Hörsterholzer Bach and the Knöselbach. The urban area is divided into the river Ruhr catchment in the south and the Emscher catchment in the north. The geological strata can be visited in the former quarry of Klosterbusch and at the Geological Gardens. There is sedimentary rock of carbon and chalk. It is surrounded by the cities of (in clockwise direction) Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten, Hattingen, Essen and Gelsenkirchen. The perimeter of the city limits is 67.2 km (41.8 mi). The city extends north to south 13.0 km (8.1 mi) and 17.1 km (10.6 mi) east to west. Steeper graduation can be found at the Harpener Hellweg near the Berghofer Holz nature reserve (3.4%), at Westenfelder Straße in the borough of Wattenscheid (3.47%), or at Kemnader Straße, which begins at the banks of the Ruhr in Stiepel (71 m, 233 ft), and rises to its highest point in the centre of Stiepel (196 m, 643 ft, a 5.1% increase). The terrain of Bochum is characterised by rolling hills that rarely have more than three per cent graduation. The highest point of the city is at Kemnader Straße (Kemnader Street) in Stiepel at 196 metres (643 ft) above sea level the lowest point is 43 metres (141 ft) at the Blumenkamp in Hordel. The city lies on the low rolling hills of Bochum land ridge (Bochumer Landrücken), part of the Ruhrhöhen (highest elevations) between the Ruhr and Emscher rivers at the border of the southern and northern Ruhr coal region. There are nine institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the Ruhr University Bochum ( Ruhr-Universität Bochum), one of the ten largest universities in Germany, and the Bochum University of Applied Sciences ( Hochschule Bochum). Bochum is the sixth largest and one of the southernmost cities in the Low German dialect area. It lies at the centre of the Ruhr, Germany's largest urban area, in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region, and belongs to the region of Arnsberg. On the Ruhr Heights ( Ruhrhöhen) hill chain, between the rivers Ruhr to the south and Emscher to the north (tributaries of the Rhine), it is the second largest city of Westphalia after Dortmund, and the fourth largest city of the Ruhr after Dortmund, Essen and Duisburg. Bochum ( / ˈ b oʊ x ʊ m/ BOHKH-uum, also US: /- ə m/ -əm, German: ( listen) Westphalian: Baukem), with a population of 364,920 (2016), is the sixth largest city (after Cologne, Düsseldorf, Dortmund, Essen and Duisburg) of the most populous German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the 16th largest city of Germany.
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